Neurovascular Interaction and Exercise Training for Bone Regeneration

The nervous and vascular systems are widely distributed in the skeletal system play an important role bone metabolism formation, respectively. Their independent impact on has received keen attention bone-related research over decade. However, mechanism of neurovascular coupling during physiological remodeling regeneration recently been highlighted, considering importance spatial relationships between bone-associated nerves blood vessels. In addition, positive effect exercise bones continuously emphasized, as evident by improved number function vessels following training. Skeletal nerve-vascular crosstalk training essential for development regeneration, respectively; however, interactions not yet studied. This review aims to summarize regulatory roles highlight a combination potential cellular processes neurogenesis angiogenesis regeneration. Moreover, given significance relationship training, this discuss that occurs physical activity.